纯种萨摩耶的标准体型：纯种萨摩耶的国际标准

注：该标准中文版翻译自FCI国际纯种犬标准英文版，已发布于CKU新官网-犬种百科

09.01.1999 / EN

FCI-国际纯种犬标准第 212 号

SAMOYED（Samoiedskaïa Sabaka）

萨摩耶犬

本图片不一定代表该犬种的理想例子

ORIGIN: Northern Russia and Siberia.

起源：俄罗斯北部和西伯利亚地区

Date of acceptance on a definitive basis by the FCI: 6/26/1959

FCI正式认可日期：1959年6月26日

DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE OFFICIAL VALID STANDARD: 22.07.1997.

正式生效标准发布日期：1997年7月22日

UTILIZATION: Sledge- and companion dog.

用途：雪橇犬和伴侣犬

FCI-CLASSIFICATION:

Group 5 Spitz and primitive types.

Section 1 Nordic sledge dogs.

Without working trial.

FCI分组：

第5组 尖嘴犬及原始犬组

第1类：极地雪橇犬

无需工作测试

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY:

The name Samoyed derives from the Samoyed Tribes in Northern Russia and Siberia. In Southern parts of the area they used white, black and brown particoloured dogs as reindeer herders ; in the northern parts the dogs were pure white, had a mild temperament and were used as huntingand sledge dogs. The Samoyed dogs lived close to their owners, they even slept within the shelters and were used as heaters. The British zoologist Ernest Kilburn Scott spent three months among Samoyed Tribes in 1889. Returning to England he brought with him a brown male puppy called « Sabarka ». Later he imported a cream coloured

bitch called « Whitey Petchora » from the western side of the Urals and a snow white male called « Musti » from Siberia. These few dogs and those brought by the explorers are the base for the western Samoyed. The first standard was written in England in 1909.

历史沿革：

萨摩耶这个名字源于俄罗斯西伯利亚北部地区的萨摩耶部落。在该地区的南部，萨摩耶部族人利用白色，黑色，棕色以及杂色犬作为驯鹿犬；而在北部地区，萨摩耶人则用纯白色的、性情温顺的犬狩猎，拉雪橇。萨摩耶犬和主人关系亲密，它们甚至和主人睡在一起，互相取暖。英国动物学家欧内斯特•克里波恩•斯科特于1889年在萨摩耶部落渡过了三个月的时间。返回英国时，他带回一条棕色的叫做“萨巴卡”的雄性幼犬。后来他又从乌拉尔山西边引进一条叫“怀特 •伯朝拉”的乳白色的母犬，并从西伯利亚引进一条叫做“穆斯逖”的雪白公犬。这几只狗以及那些由探险家带回的狗就是西方萨摩耶犬的根基。萨摩耶犬的第一个标准于1909年在英国编写。

GENERAL APPEARANCE:

Medium in size, elegant, a white Arctic Spitz. In appearence gives the impression of power, endurance, charm, suppleness, dignity and self-confidence.

The expression, the so called « Samoyed Smile », is made up of a combination of eye shape and position, and the slightly curved up corners of the mouth. The sex should be clearly stamped.

整体外貌：

一种体型中等，优雅的白色北极尖嘴犬。外观上看，给人以充满力量，忍耐力强，富有魅力，顺从，高贵及自信的印象。所谓的“萨摩耶式微笑”的表情，是由眼睛的形状和位置以及略微上翘的嘴角结合而成的。性别标志非常明显。

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS:

The length of the body is approximately 5% more than the height at the withers. The depth of the body is slightly less than the half of the height at the withers. The muzzle is approximately as long as the skull.

重要比例：身长约超过肩高5%。胸深略小于肩高的一半。口吻约与头骨等长。

BEHAVIOUR/TEMPERAMENT:

Friendly, open, alert and lively. The hunting instinct is very slight. Never shy nor aggressive. Very social and cannot be used as guard dog.

行为/秉性：

友好，外向，机警而活泼。狩猎本能较弱。既不害羞也不好斗。社会性较强，不能用作护卫犬。

HEAD: 头部

CRANIAL REGION: 颅部区域

HEAD：Powerful and wedge-shaped.

头部：强有力，且呈楔形。

Skull: viewed from the front and in profile only slightly convex. Broadest between the ears. Slightly visible furrow between the eyes.

头骨：从前面和侧面观察，轮廓只略微呈凸状。两耳间最宽。两眼间有轻微可见的褶皱。

Stop: Clearly defined but not too prominent.

额段：明显，但不很突出。

FACIAL REGION: 面部区域

Nose: Well developed, preferably black. During some periods of the year the pigment of the nose can fade to a so called « winter nose » ; there must however always be dark pigment at the edges of the nose.

鼻：发育良好，最好为黑色。在一年里的某些时期，鼻子会褪色成所谓的“冬天的鼻子”；但不管怎样，鼻子边缘一定为黑色的色素沉淀。

Muzzle: Strong and deep, approximately as long as the skull, gradually tapering towards the nose, neither snipey nor heavy and square. The bridge of the nose is straight.

口吻：强健并且深，约与头盖骨等长，朝鼻子方向逐渐变细，既不狭长也不沉重，呈方形。鼻梁是直的。

Lips: Close fitting, black and rather full. The corners of the mouth are slightly curved forming the characteristic « Samoyed Smile ».

嘴唇：紧密贴合，黑色而且相当饱满。嘴角略微弯曲，形成典型的“萨摩耶微笑”。

Jaws/Teeth: Regular and complete scissor bite. The teeth and the jaws are strong. Normal dentition.

颌/齿：整齐的、完全的剪状咬合。牙齿和上下颚强健。标准的齿系。

Eyes: Dark brown in colour, well-set in the sockets, placed rather apart, somewhat slanting and almond-shaped. The expression is « smiling », kind, alert and intelligent. The eyerims are black.

眼睛：深棕色，在眼窝中位置恰当，分得很开，稍微倾斜，呈杏仁状。表情是“微笑”的，友善，机警而且聪明。眼圈为黑色。

Ears: Erect, rather small, thick, triangular and slightly rounded at the tips. They should be mobile, set high ; due to the broad skull well apart.

耳朵：直立，很小，厚，呈三角形，顶端稍园。能移动，位置高; 由于其头盖骨宽阔而恰当地分开。

NECK:Strong and of medium length with a proud carriage.

颈部：强有力，长度中等，仪态骄傲。

BODY: 躯干

BODY: Slightly longer than the height at the withers, deep and compact but supple.

躯干：体长略大于肩高，深而紧凑但柔软。

Withers : Clearly defined.

肩隆：清晰。

Back : Of medium length, muscular and straight ; in females slightly longer than in males.

背：中等长，肌肉发达且笔直;母犬的背略长于公犬。

Loin : Short, very strong and defined.

腰：短，很强壮，轮廓清晰。

Croup : Full, strong, muscular and slightly sloping.

臀：饱满，强壮，肌肉发达，略微倾斜。

Chest: Broad, deep and long, reaching almost to the elbows. The ribs are well sprung.

胸：宽阔，深长，几乎够到肘部。肋骨扩张良好。

Underline : Moderate tuck-up.

腹线：适度向上收拢。

TAIL: Set rather high. When the dog is alert and in motion the tail is carried bent from the root forward over the back or side, but may be hanging at rest, then reaching to the hocks.

尾：位置稍高。警觉时以及运动时，尾巴从根部弯曲举起至背部或背部侧面，而休息时尾巴垂下，延伸到跖骨。

LIMBS: 四肢

FOREQUARTERS: 前躯

General appearance : Well placed and muscular with strong bones. Viewed from the front straight and parallel.

整体外形：位置自然，肌肉发达，骨骼强壮。从前面看，直而且平行。

Shoulder : Long, firm and sloping.

肩：长，牢固，倾斜。

Upper arm : Oblique and close to the body. Approximately as long as the shoulder.

上臂：倾斜而接近身体。约与肩部一样长。

Elbow : Close to the body.

肘：接近身体。

Carpus : Strong but supple.

腕骨：强健而柔软。

Metacarpus (Pastern) : Slightly oblique.

掌骨（前腿系部）：略微稍斜。

Forefeet: Oval with long toes, flexible and pointing straight forward. Toes arched and not too tightly knit. Elastics pads.

前足：椭圆形，脚趾长，柔韧而且笔直向前。脚趾拱起，结合不太紧密。有弹性的脚垫。

LIMBS: 四肢

HINDQUARTERS: 后躯

General appearance : Viewed from behind straight and parallel with very strong muscles.

整体外观：从后面看，后腿直且平行，有非常健壮的肌肉。

Upper thigh : Of medium length, rather broad and muscular.

大腿：中等长度，相当宽大，肌肉发达。

Stifle (Knee): Well angulated.

后膝关节: 后膝关节：角度自然。

Hocks : Rather low and well angulated.

附关节：很低，角度自然。

Metatarsus : Short, strong, vertical and parallel.

跖骨：短，强壮，垂直且平行。

Hind feet: As front feet. The dewclaws should be removed.

后足：和前足一样。应去除狼爪。

GAIT/MOVEMENT:

Powerful, free and tireless in appearance with long stride. Good reach in the forequarters and good driving power in the hindquarters.

步态/动态：

有力，即使长时间大步行走也显得自由而不疲倦。前腿伸展好，后腿驱动有力。

COAT: 被毛

Hair: Profuse, thick, flexible and dense polar coat. The Samoyed is a double coated dog with short, soft and dense undercoat and longer, more harsh and straight outer coat. The coat should form a ruff around the neck and shoulders framing the head, especially in males. On head and on front of legs, hair is short and smooth ; on outside of ears short, standing off and smooth. Inside the ears should be well furred. On back of the thighs the hair forms trousers. There should be a protective growth of hair between the toes. The tail should be profusely covered with hair. The coat of the female is often shorter and softer in texture than that of the male. The correct coat texture should always have a special glistening sheen.

毛质：毛极其丰富，厚，柔韧，稠密的极地式背毛。萨摩耶犬有双层被毛：底毛短，柔软，又浓密;外层背毛较长，较粗糙且直。被毛会在颈项及肩部形成环状领，以架构头部，对公犬而言更明显。在头部和腿的前部，毛短而平滑;在耳朵外部，毛短，直立而平滑。在耳朵内部，饰毛佳。在大腿背部，毛形成裤子状。脚趾之间应该长有起保护性质的毛。尾巴应被丰富的毛覆盖。母犬的被毛质地往往比公犬的短些，柔软些。正确的被毛质地总是有一种特殊的闪亮的光泽。

Colour: Pure white, cream or white with biscuit. (The basic colour to be white with a few biscuit markings.) Should never give the impression of being pale brown.

毛色: 纯白色，乳白色或类似饼干的白色。（基本色是带有一些类似饼干色条纹的白色）。决不能有浅棕色的印象。

SIZE: 尺寸

Height at withers : Ideal height : male 57 cm with a tolerance of ± 3 cm and females 53 cm with a tolerance of ± 3 cm.

理想高度：公犬57厘米（误差为上下3厘米），母犬53厘米（误差为上下3厘米）。

FAULTS: 缺陷

Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.

• Visible faults in structure.

• Light bone.

• Males not masculine and females not feminine.

• Pincer bite.

• Yellow eyes.

• Soft ears.

• Barrel ribcage.

• Double twisted tail.

• Low on the legs.

• Badly bow-legged or cow hocked.

• Wavy or short coated throughout, long, soft or coat hanging down.

• Aloofness.

任何与上述各点的背离均视为缺陷，其缺陷严重性严格地与其缺陷的程度及其对犬的健康和福利的影响成比例。

• 明显的结构缺陷。

• 骨轻。

• 公犬缺乏雄性特征，母犬缺乏雌性特征。

• 钳状咬合。

• 黄眼睛。

• 耳朵软。

• 桶状的肋骨条。

• 尾巴缠绕两圈。

• 腿低矮。

• 严重的弓形腿，或者牛肢。

• 背毛全部呈卷曲状或背毛过短，过长，柔软，或毛垂下。

• 性格冷漠

SERIOUS FAULTS: 严重缺陷

• Clearly unpigmented areas on eyerims or lips.

眼圈或唇缘有明显的无着色区域。

ELIMINATING FAULTS: 失格缺陷

• Aggressive or overly shy dogs.

• Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.

• Eyes blue or of different colours.

• Overshot or undershot bite.

• Ears not erect.

• Coat colour other than permitted in the standard.

• 有攻击性或过度羞怯。

• 任何身体或行为上明显失常的犬应视为失格。

• 蓝眼睛或双眼颜色不同。

• 上颚突出或下颚突出。

• 耳朵不直立。

• 不符合标准允许的被毛颜色。

N.B.：

• Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fullydescended into the scrotum.

• Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with breed typicalconformation, should be used for breeding.

注：

• 公犬具备两个明显正常且完全置于阴囊的睾丸

• 只有身体机能以及临床表现健康的，具备典型犬种结构的犬只，才可用于繁殖。

▲ 犬只各部位名称（FCI标准通用）